Optical systems are a promising candidate for encoding and manipulating quantum information.

• Photons interact very weakly with their environment (polarization qubits have the lowest intrinsic decoherence of any physical system explored to date) and the sources of decoherence are well characterised.
• The polarisation state of photons can be easily manipulated with passive waveplates.
• Optical qubits are a natural choice for quantum communication, hence they seamlessly combining computation and communication tasks.

The challenge with optical qubits is creating multi-qubit gates and designing fault-tolerant architectures. There are several choices for the qubits including using polarisation states of photons, the path the photon takes, and using coherent states. Typically gates on the qubits are done nondeterministically using particular resource states and teleportation. There are also different ways of putting all the elements together for a computation such as a circuit model, optical cluster states and using optical nonlinearities.

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written by metin2 yang, December 01, 2009

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